航空子母弹二次抛撒技术研究

作者： 茶晓燕   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 固体火箭发动机   航空子母弹   二次抛撒  

描述： 随着末敏子弹威力半径的提高，一次抛撒很难把大量末敏子弹均匀散布到较大目标面积，进行二次抛撒成为末敏子母弹抛撒的发展方向。 本文以航空子母弹二次抛撒系统为研究对象，设计了二次抛撒具体方案，选择小型固体火箭发动机作为二次抛撒的动力装置，确定了相应的抛撒机构和发动机总体方案。使用内弹道理论，进行内弹道性能的预估，根据发动机的工作压强，得到了发动机的转速；在以上基础上对燃烧室壳体强度和喷管二维定常流进行仿真计算，确定了燃烧室壳体的厚度和喷管的型面。 在结构方案的基础上，采用经典外弹道理论，建立了子母弹二次抛撒系统抛撒过程的外弹道模型，确定出第一次抛撒条件；通过对第二次抛撒落点散布进行仿真计算后，得出方案的落点散布满足设计要求；对模拟子弹药进行气动力数值模拟，为以后的弹道研究提供数据参考；设计了发动机性能测试的试验方案。本文为具体的工程实践提供了有益借鉴。With the increase of the terminal sensing ammunition’s power radius these years, it is difficult to throw more terminal sensing ammunition over a larger target area only by once throwing. This promotes the development of twice throwing, which is now the research direction of terminal sensing ammunition throwing system. This thesis focuses on the twice-throwing technology of subminution throwing system. The detailed design of the twice throwing system is presented. The small solid rocket motor is employed to perform as the power of the twice throwing system, and then we confirm the collective design of the throwing framework and the rocket motor. We verify the effectiveness of the design via simulation of the rocket motor's interior ballistics, and obtain the rotate speed of the rocket motor. Finally, we obtain the thickness of firebox shell and the model of nozzle through the numerically simulation. According to the proposed framework, we establish the models of exterior ballistic trajectory during the throwing procedure of cargo-projectile using the classic exterior ballistic theory. Through the simulations of the obliquitous angle and the attacked angle, the condition of the first projection is then deduced. The distribution of the falling point is also evaluated by the simulation of moving laws of the sub-projectile, which shows that our design meets the design requirements; The numerically simulations about the aerodynamic characteristics of artillery projectile,will be potential basis for the latter researching in this topic；Finally, the proposed practical experiments scheme in this thesis, which can evaluate the validity and efficiency of the motor in throwing system. This thesis can be used as reference for detailed engineering practice.

某航空弹药伪码激光引信信号处理技术研究

作者： 李钰   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 伪随机码   相关检测   蒙特卡罗方法   激光引信   信号处理   FPGA应用  

描述： 激光引信是近炸引信的主流体制之一。由于其在精确定距、抗电磁干扰及目标方位识别等方面具有独特优势，因此在国内外得到广泛研究。由于伪随机码有良好的随机特性，其相关函数接近白噪声的相关函数，且具有可预先确定性和可重复性，因此，与等间距脉冲体制的激光引信相比，伪随机码激光引信在保密性、抗有源电磁干扰和不受静电感应影响等方面有明显优势。 本文以某航空弹药配用的激光引信为应用对象，在分析激光探测和伪随机码测距原理的基础上，对探测到的激光回波信号进行处理，利用伪随机码的自相关特性来实现测距和抗干扰功能。在对目标和背景回波信号特性分析的基础上，用蒙特卡罗方法对脉冲激光探测和伪随机码激光探测的虚警概率、探测概率、信噪比和探测阈值的统计分布规律进行了分析，为选用伪码测距体制，合理选择伪随机码激光引信探测器的信噪比和探测阈值提供了依据。为提高测距精度，改善信号性能，用相干平均算法对信号进行处理，以提高信噪比。根据战技指标的要求选取合适的伪随机码参数，设计了基于FPGA的5级伪随机序列产生器。为了对回波信号进行相干平均处理，得到信号的具体信息特征，用FPGA完成对信号的A/D采样及存储的控制。本文设计了相关检测的软件模块，包括伪码延时模块、相关运算模块、峰值搜索模块和距离计算模块，用FPGA实现并用Modelsim进行仿真，最后完成了信号处理系统的硬件设计。仿真结果表明本文提出的测距方法及电路设计有效可行。 关键词：伪随机码；激光引信；相关检测；信号处理；FPGA应用；蒙特卡罗方法AbstractLaser is one of the three major systems of proximity fuse.Owing to the upstanding random characteristic of pseudorandom code and the sharp auto correlation characteristic similar to white noise, moreover, it possesses ascertainable and repeatable characteristics. For this reason, pseudorandom code laser fuse has been improved essentially in the secrecy characteristic, the anti-active anti-jamming, non-influence from static inductance, and etc aspects. The dissertation regard the laser fuse applied to aeronalitic shot aimed at oil storehouse as application object, the oil storehouse as the detection object, on the basis of the principle of distance detection by laser fuse and pseudorandom code, process the echo signal. Realize the distance detection and anti-jamming function, based on the correlation theory. After analyze echo character of target and typical background, analyze the probability of pulse laster and preudorandom code detecting, the false alarm probability and the SNR by Monte-Carlo method,. In order to advance the precision of the detection and improve the signal status, used the coherent average method to process the signal and advance the SNR. Select appropriate parameter of pseudorandom code to satisfy the fighting request, design a 5 pseudorandom code genarating circuit based on FPGA. In order to process the signal by coherent average method and get the particular information of the signal, control the sampling and storing of signal by FPGA. Design the correlation detecting system software which includes preudorandom code delay module, correlation module, peak value search module and distance calculating module, these modules are realized by FPGA. Finally, the hardware circuits of signal processing design are finished.Keywords: Pseudorandom code; laser fuse; correlation detecting; signal processing; FPGA application; Monte-Calo method

作为企业核心竞争力要素的自主创新能力研究——以航空企业为例

作者： 李果   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文

描述： 我国企业自主创新能力薄弱的问题已经日益成为企业核心竞争力稳定发展的瓶颈。加快提高自主创新能力，是加快转变经济增长方式的迫切需要，是增强我国综合国力和竞争力的迫切需要。本文试图从企业核心竞争力角度审视企业自主创新能力提升的意义，基于核心竞争力识别标准和关键要素的分析，揭示核心竞争力与自主创新的关系,尝试性地构建了自主创新能力体系。核心竞争力的价值标准——创造独特价值、功能标准——为价值实现提供核心技术支持、属性标准——稀缺、难模仿及持久的知识性资源是其重要属性，企业核心竞争力包含的核心技术能力、核心市场能力和核心管理能力是提高核心竞争力的三个因素，其中核心技术能力则是衡量企业竞争力的关键要素。 本文对航空集团的案例研究通过对部分军工企业核心竞争力现状的描述和解析，分析了航空工业企业核心竞争力的现状和存在的问题。并就航空产业核心竞争力提高提出了尝试性的改进建议。China's enterprises weak independent innovation capacity issue has increasingly become the core competitiveness of enterprises and stable development of the bottleneck. Speed up improving the ability of independent innovation， speed up the transformation of the mode of economic growth of the urgent need is to enhance China's overall national strength and competitiveness of the urgent need. This article starts from the respect of core competitiveness of enterprises for independent innovation perspective to examine the significance of enhancing capacity， based on the core competitiveness of the standards and identify key elements of the analysis revealed the core competitiveness and independent innovation. The core competitiveness of values - to create unique value， functional standards - to provide the core value of the technical support， attribute standards - scarce and difficult to imitate and lasting intellectual resources is an important attribute， the core competitiveness of enterprises included in the core technical capabilities The core market capacity， the core management capacity and core values is to enhance core competitiveness of the four factors， including the core technical ability to measure the competitiveness of enterprises is a key element. This paper on the case of aviation group through is to study on the core competitiveness of military industrial and the description of the status quo analysis， analysis of the military industrial core competitiveness of enterprises and the status of the existing problems. Aviation industry and to enhance core competitiveness of the attempt to put the recommendations for improvement

大倾斜航空摄影自动快速镶嵌模型的研究与实现

作者： 唐彬   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 几何模型   镶嵌模型   大倾斜   航空摄影  

描述： 倾斜摄影往往导致地物较大的几何变形，难以直接利用传统的数字图像镶嵌方法进行镶嵌。本文提出了一种非常规的近似镶嵌模型，很好地保持了地物与观察者的相对位置关系及地物之间的大致位置关系，并且在采用相机的飞行参数来确定旋转角度的基础上，利用稳健的基于小波变换的层次图像匹配技术来确定图像中的平移量。这对满足不能造成目标丢失、不能造成目标压盖以及目标的变形必须很小这三个要求起到了决定性的作用；该模型已经成功应用于某军用航空相机远距离倾斜摄影的光学图像自动快速镶嵌系统。Slope photography usually leads to bigger geometrical distortion on ground objects， which is difficult to directly use a traditional mosaic method on digital image with slope photography mosaic。In this article，a unconventional approximate mosaic model is presented，which keeps the relatively positional relations between objects on the ground and the observer，It also keeps the approximately positional relations among objects on the ground，And based on the fact that the flight parameters of cameras can determine the rotate angle。It can determine the translation of image by the level image matching technology，which is based on the wavelet transform。It plays a decisive role to meet with the requests，which are that it can't lost the goals and not cover other goals and the deformation of goals must be small；The model has been applied successfully on automatically and fast Mosaic system equipped on some military aerial camera，whose goal is to deal with the Optical Image shooting remotely and slope photography。

基于期权的航空客运单航段舱位控制与动态定价研究

作者： 李慧   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 动态定价   收益管理   期权   舱位控制  

描述： 收入管理是现代航空公司参与市场竞争的不可或缺的手段，曾为国外航空公司创造大量奇迹。收入管理强调利用动态定与舱位控制策略实现航空公司的收入最大化。其核心是在适当的时候将适当的座位以适当的价格销售给适当的旅客。近年来，由于竞争激烈和运营成本逐渐升高，大的航空公司的边际收益不断下降。在现在的市场情况下，航空公司越来越关注各种各样的增加收益的方法。金融期权在许多不同的工业已经开始广泛应用。把期权应用到航空公司订座过程中是航空公司提高收益的新方法。本文为把期权分别引入到动态定价与舱位控制策略中。在舱位控制中，应用买入期权召回已售出机票，而卖出期权则被用来在最后售票阶段出售低价票。同时，引入数学模型并进行分析，来分析把期权应用到收益管理航空保留系统中的有效性。最后展示分析的结果，显示期权的应用相对于传统的超售舱位控制可以使收益有很大改善。同时在本论文中，为特别用于航空客运的收入管理提出新的基于期权的动态定价模型并且说明了航空公司是怎样被看作是金融期权的持有者的。在完全竞争市场上，提出偏微分方程来描述机票价格的金融特性，并为买入卖出期权价格建立偏微分方程。应用有限差分方法可以对此模型进行求解。不同执行价格机票的出售数量通过建立整数线性规划来解决。最后证明此种定价方法比不考虑期权的定价方法有更大的优越性。In the present market situation, airlines are increasingly looking for additional opportunities for revenue improvements to stay competitive. Financial options have already been used in many different industries for many years. Thus, using them in the airline booking process can be a new way of revenue improvement for airlines.This paper investigates the potential of using the nancial options as a means of managing the ticket sales in an airline booking process. Call options are used to recall the tickets already sold, whereas put options are exercised to sell low-fare tickets in the last booking period whichever is favorable to the airline. In the paper, a mathematical model is introduced and a study is conducted to explore the effectiveness and the potentials of the nancial options in airline reservation systems for revenue improvement. Results obtained from the study suggest that adoption of nancial options creates signicantly higher revenues in comparison to those by the traditional overbooking-based revenue management (RM) approach. Also, this paper provided a novel dynamic pricing method based on option and showed how an airline may be considered as the holder of a financial option on tickets. In a fully competitive market, we proposed a partial differential equation model to describe the financial aspects of the price of tickets and established the partial differential equations for the call and put option price. Based on the new method, the tickets’ price can be decided using finite difference method; the amount of tickets sold can be calculated using an integral linear programming. Such a pricing model was much better than the method that didn’t take option into consideration.

无动力滑翔航空炸弹弹道优化设计

作者： 何昌见   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 弹道形成制导律   最优控制   遗传算法   无动力滑翔弹   弹道优化  

描述： 本论文以某型无动力滑翔空地武器为研究背景，结合设计指标进行弹道优化设计以及中制导律的设计，并进行了仿真验证。本论文内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)基于最优控制方案的弹道优化设计。建立了简化弹体模型

无动力滑翔航空炸弹末段飞行控制技术

作者： 袁冬玉   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 自动驾驶仪   末端落角约束   滑模变结构   末制导律   交接班  

描述： are summarized as follows:1. According to the Sliding-Mode Variable Structure Control technology

基于小波变换的航空遥感图像压缩方法研究与实现

作者： 马文波   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 航拍遥感图像   小波变换   HVS   快速算法   图像压缩   实时压缩系统  

描述： 航空航天遥感图像在人类生活和军事领域中的应用日益广泛，然而海量的遥感数据对信息的传输、存储以及处理都带来很大压力，对数据进行压缩是解决这一问题的一个行之有效的办法。本文系统介绍了作者几年来在航空遥感图像实时编码领域的主要研究工作及成果。本文的具体研究内容如下：在对提升小波变换(第二代小波变换)进行分析的基础上，利用C语言编制了样条5/3小波提升格式的DSP程序。对设计小波滤波器时需要考虑的因素进行了详细的分析。在对CDF9/7和样条5/3滤波器组的优缺点进行研究和分析的基础上，利用它们各自的优势，提出了一种适合航空遥感图像压缩的小波滤波器选择方案。对多幅航拍遥感图像小波变换系数的特性进行了详细的研究。分别从小波系数的空频局部化特性、方向选择特性、小波域能量聚集特性和衰减特性、高频系数的统计分布以及小波域系数的相关特性等诸多方面着手研究和试验，给出了图像小波系数的分布规律。提出了一种新的基于图像先验知识和小波系数统计特性的快速静态压缩算法。该算法利用大量实拍图像的先验知识以及待压缩图像的统计特性，可以使各高频子带的量化值快速收敛到最优，从而大大降低了程序运行的时耗。提出一种新的解决图像边界赝像问题的方法，它采用最优冗余重叠处理部分图像数据的途径，使得图像分块编码过程中产生的块边界赝像问题基本消失，并将此方法成功应用在下述的实时压缩系统中，达到了最佳压缩效果。提出了一种新的结合小波频带划分和人眼视觉系统CSF带通特性的图像质量评价方法，并将其应用于本文对航拍遥感图像压缩算法的评价中。采用三片TMS320C6416、FPGA以及SDRAM等器件设计实现了大数据量、高分辨率图像实时压缩系统。本系统已成功应用于某实际机载航拍CCD相机项目中。Recently, much more attentions have been focused on remote sensing image which is extensively applied to human life and military region. However, large number of remote data will bring great tension for information transformation, storage and procession. Compression is a feasible technique to solve these problems. In this paper, important research results of airborne remote sensing image encoding are outlined. The main contributions can be summarized as follows:Based on lifting scheme wavelet transform (the second generation wavelet transform), DSP program of 5/3 wavelet lifting scheme is realized by using C language.The properties of several airborne remote sensing images are specially analyzed in detail. The localization in space or frequency domain, the selectivity of different orientation, the collection and attenuation of wavelet energy, the statistical distribution characteristics and the correlation of wavelet coefficients are studied and simulated in this paper.A new fast still compression algorithm is proposed based on image priori knowledge and statistical property of wavelet coefficients. In the algorithm, the quantified value of each high frequency sub-band can realize its optimization quickly using priori knowledge and statistical characteristics of original image. In this way, the consumed time is reduced largely.A new method dealing with boundary artifact is proposed in virtue of optimal overlapping part of images. In this way, the problem of boundary artifact because of blocking compression does not exist any more.Combined with wavelet frequency band sharing and the CSF performance of human eye vision system, a new assessment method of image quality is investigated in this paper. Three pieces of TMS320C6416, FPGA and SDRAM etc are first adopted to design real-time compression system with large data and high resolution image.

航空炸弹通用制导控制计算装置研究

作者： 熊伟   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 制导航弹   制导控制计算装置  

描述： 制导控制计算装置是制导航弹的关键部件之一。本论文以航空炸弹制导控制计算装置为背景，研究了通用制导控制计算装置的设计方法。针对制导控制计算装置的基本任务需求，研究了基于DSP、FPGA的通用制导控制计算装置的嵌入式系统构建方法，进行了相关硬件的设计、实现和测试，采用软件应用框架和状态机技术，开展了计算装置软件平台设计，实现了控制软件的模块化、通用化，为应用软件开发奠定了良好基础。本课题设计的计算装置具有很好的扩展性和通用性，具有多种工作模式，可以通过简单配置和模块扩展，开发出用于其它飞行器的计算装置，对于有效缩短开发周期、降低开发费用具有重要意义。The computer equipment is one of the key components of guided bomb. The realization technology of computer equipment based on DSP and FPGA is studied in the thesis with guided bomb as its object, and the realization and testing of relevant hardware practically are carried through the design. The computer equipment designed under this thesis has excellent expansibility and practicality, and is provided with several working mode. Computer equipment applied to other aircrafts can be developed through simple configuration and expanding of modules, which will be of great significance in terms of shortening the circle of development and reducing the cost.The interfacer of guided bomb controlling and guiding system is introduced, and the basic task of computer equipment and the major issues studied currently are analyzed. According to the requirement of design, modularization hardware of equipment is put forward. Finally Application Framework, Software Station , software debug are fulfilled.

航空器材订货决策支持信息系统研究与实现

作者： 杨威   来源： 北京理工大学 年份： 2016 文献类型 ： 学位论文 关键词： 订货分析   可靠性   航材保障   决策支持系统  

描述： 摘 要 决策支持系统（DSS）的发展为决策者提供了良好的信息处理平台。本课题开发了航材订货决策支持系统。该软件为航材保障部门提供订货决策支持、保障信息统计、保障效益分析、监督管理、考核评价等功能，基本满足了航材领域的业务需求。 航材保障在航空装备的整个寿命周期过程有着举足轻重的作用，它影响到装备的可用性和战备完好性。航材管理的决策过程就是针对航材管理的目标、条件和信息决定行动方案的过程。将决策支持系统应用于航材管理，可将航材管理决策支持系统分为订货分析、订货管理、航材库存、航材供应和战备航材储备等决策支持子系统。 课题主要从可靠性的发展及其基本理论出发，根据航材故障前工作时间的数据，将航材分为可修复器材和不可修复器材，研究器材的可靠性指标，根据建立的航材订货模型作为决策支持的理论依据。进而运用软件工程的一般方法，完成模块分解，确定系统的模块层次结构。根据航材使用部门的基本业务要求和需求分析，对系统结构进行清晰的描述，然后用模块设计、组件技术和多层体系设计，使用Visual C++开发平台，建立航材订货决策支持系统。 可靠性理论、信息技术、物流技术及计算机技术在航材系统得到了广泛的利用，研究符合我国航材保障环境的航材订货决策支持系统，科学合理地制定航材订货计划，对提高我们的航材保障理论应用水平和航材保障的航材使用部门、经济效益具有非常深远的意义。 ABSTRACT The development of DSS, provide a good means of information manage. This thesis designs the DSS of Spare parts Order, which includes five functions, order, information statistics, benefit analysis, operation management. The processes of spare parts management decision-making must calculate the target, conditions and information. This thesis, order analysis, orders management, stock of spare parts, supply of combat spare parts constitute the DSS of Spare parts management. This thesis researches problems of spare parts demand and supply of the training flight in the peacetime. By analyzing failure data from using spot, and applying reliability theory, failure distribution of spare parts is obtained, and two models of ordering spare parts are established, which has the ability of ordering proper spare parts on quantity and variety. In the domain of spare parts management, we use the reliability theory, information technology, material-flow technology and computer technology. Formulating strategy rationally for spare parts order, economize money and improves the level of the army spare parts management.