基于期权的航空客运单航段舱位控制与动态定价研究

【类型】学位论文

【作者】李慧 

【关键词】 动态定价,收益管理,期权,舱位控制

【摘要】收入管理是现代航空公司参与市场竞争的不可或缺的手段，曾为国外航空公司创造大量奇迹。收入管理强调利用动态定与舱位控制策略实现航空公司的收入最大化。其核心是在适当的时候将适当的座位以适当的价格销售给适当的旅客。近年来，由于竞争激烈和运营成本逐渐升高，大的航空公司的边际收益不断下降。在现在的市场情况下，航空公司越来越关注各种各样的增加收益的方法。金融期权在许多不同的工业已经开始广泛应用。把期权应用到航空公司订座过程中是航空公司提高收益的新方法。本文为把期权分别引入到动态定价与舱位控制策略中。在舱位控制中，应用买入期权召回已售出机票，而卖出期权则被用来在最后售票阶段出售低价票。同时，引入数学模型并进行分析，来分析把期权应用到收益管理航空保留系统中的有效性。最后展示分析的结果，显示期权的应用相对于传统的超售舱位控制可以使收益有很大改善。同时在本论文中，为特别用于航空客运的收入管理提出新的基于期权的动态定价模型并且说明了航空公司是怎样被看作是金融期权的持有者的。在完全竞争市场上，提出偏微分方程来描述机票价格的金融特性，并为买入卖出期权价格建立偏微分方程。应用有限差分方法可以对此模型进行求解。不同执行价格机票的出售数量通过建立整数线性规划来解决。最后证明此种定价方法比不考虑期权的定价方法有更大的优越性。In the present market situation, airlines are increasingly looking for additional opportunities for revenue improvements to stay competitive. Financial options have already been used in many different industries for many years. Thus, using them in the airline booking process can be a new way of revenue improvement for airlines.This paper investigates the potential of using the nancial options as a means of managing the ticket sales in an airline booking process. Call options are used to recall the tickets already sold, whereas put options are exercised to sell low-fare tickets in the last booking period whichever is favorable to the airline. In the paper, a mathematical model is introduced and a study is conducted to explore the effectiveness and the potentials of the nancial options in airline reservation systems for revenue improvement. Results obtained from the study suggest that adoption of nancial options creates signicantly higher revenues in comparison to those by the traditional overbooking-based revenue management (RM) approach. Also, this paper provided a novel dynamic pricing method based on option and showed how an airline may be considered as the holder of a financial option on tickets. In a fully competitive market, we proposed a partial differential equation model to describe the financial aspects of the price of tickets and established the partial differential equations for the call and put option price. Based on the new method, the tickets’ price can be decided using finite difference method; the amount of tickets sold can be calculated using an integral linear programming. Such a pricing model was much better than the method that didn’t take option into consideration.

【学位名称】硕士

【学位授予单位】北京理工大学

【学位授予年度】2016

【导师姓名】李金林

【读秀链接】读秀链接